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economy of near zero marginal cost and the prospect of nearly free goods
and services. This catch-22 is the inherent contradiction that underlies
capitalist theory and practice.
Eighty years after Lange and Keynes made their observations, con-
temporary economists are once again peering into the contradictory work-
ings of the capitalist system, unsure of how to make the market economy
function without self-destructing in the wake of.new technologies that are
speeding society into a near zero marginal cost e.
Lawrence Summers, U.S. secretary of the treasury during President
Bill Clinton's administration and former president of Harvard University,
and J. Bradford DeLong, a professor of economics at the University of Cal-
ifornia, Berkeley, revisited the capitalist dilemma in a joint paper delivered
at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City's symposium, "Economic Pol-
icy for the Information Economy," in August 2001. This time, there was
much more at stake as the new information technologies and the incipient
Internet communication revolution were threatening to take the capitalist
system to a near zero marginal cost reality in the coming decades.